Floors and roofing are examples of what type of cost components?

Floors and roofing represent horizontal cost components because they are essential elements that contribute to the building's overall structure and are generally considered to spread out in the horizontal plane across a property. In the context of construction and property assessment, horizontal costs often refer to those elements that contribute to the footprint of a building or its usable space.

Understanding this categorization helps professionals in property assessment and valuation accurately attribute costs related to the construction and maintenance of building structures. Floors, for instance, are a fundamental part of the livable area, while roofs protect the building and play a critical role in its overall integrity. In contrast, vertical components would pertain to elements such as walls and columns, which extend upward. The differentiation of cost components into horizontal and vertical aids in understanding how various elements contribute to the overall value and functionality of a property.