Which of the following are considered the four management functions?

The correct answer identifies the four fundamental management functions as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Planning is the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. It's a crucial step that sets the direction for the organization.

Organizing involves assembling and coordinating the resources needed to implement the plan. This entails determining task assignments, grouping tasks into departments, and allocating resources effectively.

Leading refers to motivating and directing staff to achieve organizational goals. Effective leadership cultivates a positive working environment, fosters team dynamics, and drives both individual and collective performance.

Controlling is the process of monitoring performance, comparing it to the established standards, and taking corrective actions when necessary. This function ensures that the organization stays on track to meet its goals.

These four functions are interrelated and work together to ensure that an organization operates efficiently and effectively. Understanding and applying these functions is foundational for anyone involved in management and organization.